What is a bronchoscope primarily used to examine?

A bronchoscope is primarily used to examine the lungs and the air passages within them. This medical instrument allows healthcare providers to visualize the bronchial tubes and lungs, facilitating the diagnosis and management of various respiratory conditions, such as infections, tumors, or blockages. The bronchoscope is inserted through the nose or mouth and into the trachea, enabling direct observation and, if necessary, the ability to collect tissue samples for biopsy or to administer treatments directly to the lungs.

The other options pertain to different body systems or organs. For example, heart valves are examined using tools like echocardiograms or cardiac catheterization, while the intestines are assessed via procedures such as colonoscopy. The kidneys are evaluated using methods like ultrasound or CT scans. Each of these organs requires specific instruments tailored to their structure and function, further emphasizing the unique role of the bronchoscope in pulmonary examinations.