What is the primary function of an autoclave in medical settings?

The primary function of an autoclave in medical settings is to sterilize instruments and materials through the application of heat and pressure. This process effectively destroys bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, ensuring that medical equipment is free from contaminants and safe for use in procedures. The high temperature, typically around 121 to 134 degrees Celsius, coupled with steam and pressure, creates an environment that is lethal to microorganisms.

In contrast, freezing biological samples does not achieve sterilization and, in fact, can preserve certain microorganisms instead of eliminating them. Storing medical equipment is a separate function that does not involve the sterilization process and is typically achieved through cabinets or storage shelves. Administering medication involves delivering drugs to patients, which is unrelated to the sterilization process conducted by an autoclave. Therefore, the significance of the autoclave lies in its critical role in infection control within healthcare environments, making option B the most appropriate choice.